Factors Associated with Treatment Success Among Patients with Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Rini Riani

doi:10.58435/jka.v5i2.268

Authors

Rini Riani Dinas Kesehatan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58435/jka.v5i2.268

Keywords:

Tuberculosis, Treatment Initiation Time, Treatment Success, Bacteriologically

Abstract

Background: Treatment success is a key performance indicator for evaluating treatment activities and program management. This study aimed to examine factors associated with treatment success among patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: This analytical observational study used secondary data from 2,221 bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases recorded in the Bandung City Tuberculosis Information System in 2024. The variables evaluated were age, sex, treatment history, time to treatment initiation, and 2nd-month follow-up results. Bivariate analysis used the chi-square test, followed by multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: Among 2.221 patients, 2,072 (93.3%) achieved successful treatment outcomes, while 149 patients (6.7%) did not. Age (p=0.008), sex (p=0.021), treatment history (p=0.003), and 2nd-month follow-up results (p<0.001) were significantly associated with treatment success. The strongest association in the bivariate analysis was observed for 2nd-month follow-up results (OR=5.189; p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age (aOR=3,613, 95% CI=1,126-11,589), sex (aOR=0,701; 95% CI=0,494-0,993), treatment history (aOR=1,592; 95% CI=1,119-2,264), and 2nd-month follow-up results (aOR=5,004; 95% CI=3,445-7,268) were significantly associated with treatment success. The 2nd-month follow-up result showed the strongest association. Conclusion: Most patients achieved successful treatment outcomes. Age, sex, treatment history, and 2nd-month follow-up results were significantly associated with treatment success, whereas time to treatment initiation was not. The 2nd-month follow-up result showed the strongest association with treatment success.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arlinda, D., Indah, R. M., Yulianto, A., Harso, A. D., Syarief, A. K., & Karyana, M. (2020). Poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes are associated with older age, previous treatment, HIV, and drug resistance at seven hospitals in Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 4 (2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v4i2.3698.

Barreto-Duarte, B., Araújo-Pereira, M., Nogueira, B. M. F., Sobral, L. F., Rodrigues, C. C., Queiroz, A. T. L., ... Andrade, B. B. (2021). Tuberculosis burden and determinants of treatment outcomes according to age in Brazil: A nationwide study of 896,314 cases reported between 2010 and 2019. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, Article 710162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.710162.

Calderwood, C. J., Wilson, J. P., Fielding, K. L., Harris, R. C., Karat, A. S., Mansukhani, R. (2021). Dynamics of sputum conversion during effective tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18(4), Article e1003566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003566.

Dabitao, D., & Bishai, W. R. (2023). Sex and gender differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Vol. 441, pp. 139–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_6.

Lestari, B. W., McAllister, S., Hadisoemarto, P. F., Afifah, N., Jani, I. D., Murray, M., van Crevel, R., Hill, P. C., & Alisjahbana, B. (2020). Patient pathways and delays to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Indonesia. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, 5, Article 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100059.

MacPherson, P., Houben, R. M. G. J., Glynn, J. R., Corbett, E. L., & Kranzer, K. (2014). Pre-treatment loss to follow-up and treatment delay in tuberculosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14, Article 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-138.

Meiyanti, M., Bachtiar, A., Kusumaratna, R. K., Alfiyyah, A., Machrumnizar, M., & Pusparini, P. (2024). Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors: A retrospective study in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Narra Journal, 4(3), Article e1660. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i3.1660.

Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 67 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis. Jakarta, Indonesia: Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.

Sugiyono, R. I., Naysilla, A. M., Susanto, N. H., Handayani, D., Burhan, E., Karuniawati, A., Chen, R. Y. (2025). Treatment outcomes of pulmonary TB in adults in Indonesia. IJTLD Open, 2(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0482.

Torres, N. M. C., Rodríguez, J. J. Q., Andrade, P. S. P., Arriaga, M. B., & Netto,E. M. (2019). Factors predictive of the success of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 14(12), Article e0226507. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226507

World Health Organization. (2013). Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis: 2013 revision (updated December 2014 and January 2020). Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241505345.

World Health Organization. (2025a). Global tuberculosis report 2025. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116924.

World Health Organization. (2025b). WHO consolidated the operational handbook on tuberculosis: Module 4: Treatment and care. Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240108141.